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HISTORY OF FURNITURE DESIGN

The history of furniture is closely related to the history of human culture. For thousands of year, all fine furniture was designed to accommodate the tastes of royalty and nobility and other wealthy people. The people used furniture as a symbol of their power and rank rather than a practical necessity. Beginning in the A.D. 1500's a middle class of people gradually developed in western countries that wanted furniture that was comfortable and suited to their homes. By the 1800’s, the tastes of middle-class buyers set the standard for furniture style. Most furniture made today is designed to be practical, comfortable, easy to maintain and cheap to produce. Much of it is fabricated in factories and large workshops that make use of the latest technology. And some furniture is available in the form of kits that can be assembled by purchaser at home.The ancient Egyptians created the first known fine furniture in about 3000 B.C. Later the Greeks and the Romans developed outstanding furniture in their own characteristics styles, The age of Greek and Roman culture was followed In Europe by the Middle Ages, a period that in general produced little Important furniture.

Ancient Egypt (31OOB.C.-1070B.C.)

1. Ownership of furniture was a mark of social rank-Best furniture found in the Pharaoh's palace, nobles and high official's homes.
2. Very well designed beds found in this period - their furniture had legs, which resembled the front, and hind legs of animals- (often lion or dog)---Beds led to the design of couches.
3. Fine chairs also designed dining this period -seat of woven cord covered with loose cushion
4. Other furniture found arm-hairs, boxes cabinets and small tables.
Ancient Greece (1100B.C.-400 A.D.)1. Furniture a sign of social rank-common citizens owned only crude stool and tables.2. Beds become important as they were not only for sleeping but also for lying on ones side and eating in the dining room.3. The Greeks contributed the KLISMOS (concave) chair- a light weight – armless chair constructed of wood that had back rails curved in a concave form roughly following the human back. It had legs- front legs curved forward while the back legs curved backwards.4. Three legged tables that ended in feet shaped like hoofs or paws.

5. They decorated fine furniture with inlaid patterns of fine wood, silver, gold and gems. They carved ivory to form legs or cast them in silver or bronze.

Ancient Rome (700 B.C- 400B.C.)

1. Borrowed furniture styles from Greeks but gave them roman character.

2. Used more bronze and silver.

3. They used the Greek klismos but made it heavier and larger and covered with upholstery.

4. They adopted Greek stool design and developed it in to a stool called CURULE-this had two pairs of curved legs in the form of an X.

5. Another contribution was SLAB TABLE- when consisted of a large slab of marble or wood which rested on uprights of wood or marble which had varied designs- flowers, fruits etc.Like Ancient period, there are many kinds of period are appeared in furniture’s history. For

example:

1. Gothic period (1300 A.D.-1500A.D.)

2. Renaissance period

3. Middle Renaissance period

4. Georgian period

5. Early Georgian period

6. Middle Georgian period

7. Late Georgian period etc.

8. The twentieth century (modern movement)

Designing Subjects

Modeling
This course provides the concept of three dimensional models and understanding of the tools materials and skills needed to construct 3D models.







Graphics and Drafting
This course gives the detail knowledge of lettering, layout and drafting technique, tools and materials used in drafting, surveying a space, converting survey information into a plain plans elevations, axonometric drawing and the development of an interior space design

Colors
It provides the practical and theoretical knowledge of fundamentals of coloring and its application in interior design.

Visual Art
This course provides basic freehand sketching through various methods, media, techniques and various approaches to rendering, shades and shadow, depth of field and conceptualization to communicate interior design concept.

Auto Cad
The use of computer aided design; provide overall concept and ideas explored as those in manual drafting classes that contain the various types of plans, elevations and section of interior spaces especially in 2D and 3D drafting.

Interior Design Studio
This course provides the knowledge on simple and complex interior design problems, live projects, application of design process to small, medium scale residential and non residential interior design projects and design communicated using manual and technical tools.

Core Subjects

History of Interior Design

This course provides knowledge of Interior Design period styles and motifs in furniture, architecture and decorative art of the ancient world to the present, with application to contemporary interiors. This course gives knowledge of major international interior periods of middles ages through 19th century i.e., Greek, Roman, Medieval, Baroque, Renaissance, Modern etc.

Furniture Design

Familiarization of furniture design from simple to complex, form ancient to modern in different periods and styles with different periods and styles with different materials proportionally.Materials and Finishes of Interior Design Overview of the major areas of different materials of construction, flooring and finishing and furnishing with their characteristics related to interior design that defines our interior environment. It will cover range of materials in each area and their basic components application and limitations.

Estimation, Costing and Valuation

Knowledge about the calculation, casting and estimation of various items like furniture, flooring, furnishing construction materials and spaces that are designed.

Landscaping

This course provides the knowledge of basic concepts and principle of landscaping design both exteriors and interiors but mainly related with the interior landscaping design.

Building Science

Familiarization with the building science like climatology, Lighting and Acoustics.Building ServiceFamiliarization with the building service like electrical, water supply, sanitary system and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning).

Color and Arts

Color
it provides the practical and theoritical knowledge of fundamental of colouring and its application in interior design.
Visual art
This course provides basic free hand sketching through various methods, media, techniques and various approaches to rendering, shades and shadow, depth of field and conceptualization to communicate interor design concempt.

History of interior Design

This course provides knowlege of interior design period styles and motifs in furniture, architecture and decorative at of the ancient world to the present with application to contemporary interior. this course gives knowledge of major international interior periods of middle ages hrough 19th century, i.e Greek, Roman, medieval, Baroque, Renaissance, Modren etc.

3 Form C3
This manufacturer is injecting color into three of its popular lines. C3 offers designers and specifiers 26 updated colors for the Pressed Glass, Chroma, and Varia Ecoresin products, affording them more flexibility in coordinating the colors and materials required for different applications within the same project.


Arpa - Stratakore
A high-pressure laminate that requires no substrate, Stratakore is hygienically superior to granite, wood, marble, and laminated surfaces thanks to its bacteria-resistant, non-porous nature. While top surfaces come in hundreds of colors.

Program Objectives

The objectives of the course are:? To make students capable to draw architectural interior drawings and to understand design related facts and to create any space planning for public and private facilities.
? To serve the needs, function, requirements and attractive comfortable area that satisfies of its users.
? To provide a sense of place within both public and private spaces for group and individual activity.
? To train students to analyze, design and implement interior design base systems.
? To develop the abilities and interpersonal skills important for effective participation and leadership in this field.

JOB PROSPECTS OF THE INTERIOR DESIGN COURSE
? Interior Design Companies
? Construction Comp0anies
? Promoters
? Paint Companies
? Academic Field
? Architectural Companies
? Builders
? Furniture Manufacturing Companies
? Freelance Interior Designer

Introduction of Interior Design

Interior Design is the total creative solution of an open internal space. It encompasses the conceptual planning, aesthetic and technical solutions applied to achieve the desired result.The history of interior design delivers the inside story of 6000 years of personal and public space. Interior design is the field with unclear boundaries, in which construction, architecture, art and craft, technology and product design all overlaps. These topics are woven together in a fascinating narrative that runs from cave dwelling and temple architecture through Gothic cathedrals and Renaissance palaces onto the grand civic spaces of the 19th century and the sleek interior of modern skyscrapers.Interior Designer must be knowledgeable about many types of materials and characteristics of furnishings, accessories and ornaments used in creating interiors like paints, wall, flooring covering textures and other many more. In addition designer must be familiar with the various styles and history of styles of design, art and architecture knowledge.Interior design concerns itself with more than just the visual or ambient enhancement of an interior space, it creates to optimize and harmonize the uses to which the built environment will be put.Interior design is very different form interior decoration. Interior designers are professionals who design in space planning whilst a interior decorator works only with surface decoration like paints, fabric, furnishings, paneling, furniture, moulding and other materials.In other words ……. Interior design is both art and science that involves the adaptation of natural and human made environment to the culture, social, physiological, economic, history and behavioral activities of people. Interior design engages both the public and private scales of buildings. The satisfaction of the user’s needs and their preferences for function, materials and aesthetics determine the quality of an interior environment.